Calcatinge Alexandru, Balog Julian / Калькатинге Александру, Балог Юлиан - Mastering Linux Administration, 2nd Edition / Осваиваем администрирование Linux, 2-е издание [2024, PDF, EPUB, ENG]

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Оглавление

Preface xv
Part 1: Basic Linux Administration
1
Installing Linux 3
Technical requirements 4
Introducing the Linux operating system 4
Exploring Linux distributions 4
Choosing a Linux distribution 6
Installing Linux – the basics 9
How to install Linux on bare metal 9
Linux in a VM 13
VM provisioning using Hyper-V 17
VM provisioning using Oracle’s VirtualBox 20
Enabling Windows Subsystem
for Linux 21
Installing Linux – the advanced stages 24
The Linux boot process 24
PXE network boot explained 25
Linux distributions – a practical guide 27
Case study – development workstation 27
Case study – secure web server 28
Use case – personal blog 28
Use case – media server 29
Summary 30
Questions 30
Further reading 30
2
The Linux Shell and Filesystem 31
Technical requirements 31
Introducing the Linux shell 32
Establishing the shell connection 34
The command-line prompt 36
Shell command types 37
Explaining the command structure 37
Consulting the manual 39
The Linux filesystem 39
Directory structure 40
Working with files and directories 43
Understanding file paths 43
Basic file operations 45
Commands for file viewing 54
Commands for file properties 57
Using text editors to create
and edit files 69
Using Vim to edit text files 69
The nano text editor 71
Summary 72
Questions 72
Further reading 73
3
Linux Software Management 75
Technical requirements 75
Linux software package types 75
The DEB and RPM package types 76
The snap and flatpak package types 80
Managing software packages 82
Managing DEB packages 82
Managing RPM packages 89
Using the snap and flatpak packages 98
Installing new desktop environments
in Linux 104
Installing KDE Plasma on Fedora Linux 105
Summary 107
Questions 108
Further reading 108
4
Managing Users and Groups 109
Technical requirements 109
Managing users 110
Understanding sudo 110
Creating, modifying, and deleting users 111
Managing groups 122
Creating, modifying, and deleting groups 123
Managing permissions 140
File and directory permissions 140
Summary 153
Questions 154
Further reading 154
5
Working with Processes, Daemons, and Signals 155
Technical requirements 156
Introducing processes 156
Understanding process types 156
The anatomy of a process 162
Working with processes 167
Using the ps command 167
Using the pstree command 170
Using the top command 171
Using the kill and killall commands 173
Using the pgrep and pkill commands 175
Working with daemons 177
Working with systemd daemons 177
Explaining inter-process
communication 178
Working with signals 181
Summary 183
Questions 183
Further reading 184
Part 2: Advanced Linux Administration
6
Working with Disks and Filesystems 187
Technical requirements 187
Understanding devices in Linux 187
Linux abstraction layers 188
Device files and naming conventions 189
Understanding filesystem types in
Linux 192
Understanding disks and partitions 195
Common disk types 195
Partitioning disks 197
Introducing LVM in Linux 208
LVM snapshots 211
Summary 213
Questions 214
Further reading 214
7
Networking with Linux 215
Technical requirements 215
Exploring basic networking 216
Computer networks 216
The OSI model 217
The TCP/IP network stack model 222
TCP/IP protocols 223
IP addresses 226
Sockets and ports 230
Linux network configuration 231
Working with network services 243
DHCP servers 243
DNS servers 244
Authentication servers 248
File sharing 250
Printer servers 251
File transfer 252
Mail servers 252
NTP servers 255
Remote access 258
Understanding network security 262
Summary 262
Questions 263
Further reading 263
8
Linux Shell Scripting 265
Technical requirements 265
Exploring the Linux shell 266
Bash shell features 266
Bash shell variables 270
Basics of shell scripting 272
Creating a shell script file 273
Variables in shell scripts 275
Using mathematical expressions in shell scripts 277
Using programming structures 279
Using arrays in Bash 279
Reading input data 281
Formatting output data 282
Understanding exit statuses and testing structures 285
Using conditional if statements 287
Using looping statements 290
Working with functions 298
Using sed and (g)awk commands 302
Using scripts to showcase interprocess communication 306
Shared storage 306
Unnamed pipes 307
Named pipes 309
Sockets 310
Scripting for administrative tasks 312
Creating scripts for system administrative tasks 313
Packaging scripts 317
Summary 321
Questions 321
Further reading 322
9
Securing Linux 323
Technical requirements 324
Understanding Linux security 324
Introducing SELinux 325
Working with SELinux 325
Introducing AppArmor 346
Working with AppArmor 346
Final considerations 355
Working with firewalls 355
Understanding the firewall chain 357
Introducing Netfilter 359
Working with iptables 360
Introducing nftables 366
Using firewall managers 371
Summary 381
Exercises 382
Further reading 382
10
Disaster Recovery, Diagnostics, and Troubleshooting 383
Technical requirements 383
Planning for disaster recovery 384
A brief introduction to risk management 384
Risk calculation 386
Designing a DRP 387
Backing up and restoring the system 388
Disk cloning solutions 389
Introducing common Linux
diagnostic tools for troubleshooting 395
Tools for troubleshooting boot issues 395
Tools for troubleshooting general system issues 397
Tools for troubleshooting network issues 406
Tools for troubleshooting hardware issues 412
Summary 413
Questions 414
Further reading 414
Part 3: Server Administration
11
Working with Virtual Machines 417
Technical requirements 417
Introduction to virtualization on
Linux 417
Efficiency in resource usage 418
Introduction to hypervisors 419
Understanding Linux KVMs 420
Choosing the hypervisor 420
Using the KVM hypervisor 421
Working with basic KVM commands 424
Creating a VM using the command line 424
Basic VM management 426
Advanced KVM management 427
Connecting to a VM 428
Cloning VMs 431
Creating VM templates 432
Obtaining VM and host resource information 433
Managing VM resource usage 435
Provisioning VMs using cloud-init 436
Understanding how cloud-init works 436
Installing and configuring cloud-init 437
Public key authentication with SSH 440
Summary 442
Exercises 442
Further reading 443
12
Managing Containers with Docker 445
Technical requirements 445
Understanding Linux containers 445
Comparing containers and VMs 446
Understanding the underlying container
technology 447
Understanding Docker 449
Working with Docker 452
Which Docker version to choose? 452
Installing Docker 452
Using some Docker commands 455
Managing Docker containers 457
Working with Dockerfiles 463
Building container images from Dockerfiles 464
Deploying a containerized
application with Docker 466
Deploying a website using Docker 466
Summary 469
Questions 469
Further reading 469
13
Configuring Linux Servers 471
Technical requirements 471
Introducing Linux services 472
Setting up SSH 474
Installing and configuring OpenSSH on
Ubuntu 474
Setting up a DNS server 475
Caching a DNS service 476
Creating a primary DNS server 478
Setting up a secondary DNS server 481
Setting up a DHCP server 484
Setting up an NFS server 486
Installing and configuring the NFS server 486
Configuring the NFS client 489
Testing the NFS setup 490
Setting up a Samba file server 490
Installing and configuring Samba 491
Creating Samba users 494
Accessing the Samba shares 495
Summary 496
Questions 497
Further reading 497
Part 4: Cloud Administration
14
Short Introduction to Cloud Computing 501
Technical requirements 501
Introduction to cloud technologies 502
Exploring the cloud computing standards 502
Understanding the architecture of the cloud 506
Knowing the key features of cloud computing 508
Introducing IaaS solutions 509
Amazon EC2 509
Microsoft Azure Virtual Machines 510
Other strong IaaS offerings 510
Introducing PaaS solutions 511
Amazon Elastic Beanstalk 511
Google App Engine 512
DigitalOcean App Platform 512
Open source PaaS solutions 512
Introducing CaaS solutions 513
Introducing the Kubernetes container
orchestration solution 513
Deploying containers in the cloud 515
Introducing microservices 516
Introducing DevOps 516
Exploring cloud management tools 517
Ansible 517
Puppet 518
Chef Infra 518
Summary 519
Further reading 519
15
Deploying to the Cloud with AWS and Azure 521
Technical requirements 522
Working with AWS EC2 523
Introducing and creating AWS EC2 instances 523
Introducing AWS EC2 placement groups 536
Using AWS EC2 instances 538
Working with the AWS CLI 548
Working with Microsoft Azure 556
Creating and deploying a virtual machine 556
Connecting with SSH to a virtual machine 562
Managing virtual machines 563
Working with the Azure CLI 567
Summary 570
Questions 571
Further reading 571
16
Deploying Applications with Kubernetes 573
Technical requirements 573
Introducing Kubernetes 574
Understanding the Kubernetes architecture 575
Introducing the Kubernetes object model 575
The anatomy of a Kubernetes cluster 578
Installing and configuring Kubernetes 581
Installing Kubernetes on a desktop 581
Installing Kubernetes on VMs 583
Working with Kubernetes 601
Using kubectl 601
Deploying applications 609
Running Kubernetes in the cloud 629
Summary 630
Questions 630
Further reading 631
17
Infrastructure and Automation with Ansible 633
Technical requirements 633
Introducing Ansible architecture and
configuration management 634
Understanding the Ansible architecture 634
Introducing configuration management 637
Installing Ansible 638
Installing Ansible on Ubuntu 639
Installing Ansible using pip 640
Working with Ansible 641
Setting up the lab environment 641
Configuring Ansible 644
Using Ansible ad hoc commands 649
Exploring Ansible modules 660
Using Ansible playbooks 662
Using templates with Jinja2 694
Creating Ansible roles 702
Summary 708
Questions 709
Further reading 709
Index 711
Other Books You May Enjoy 742