Lubanovic Bill / Любанович Билл - FastAPI: Modern Python Web Development / FastAPI: Современная веб-разработка на Python [2024, PDF, EPUB, ENG]

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Preface xiii
Part I. What’s New?
1. The Modern Web 3
Preview 3
Services and APIs 4
Kinds of APIs 4
HTTP 5
REST(ful) 5
JSON and API Data Formats 7
JSON:API 7
GraphQL 8
Concurrency 8
Layers 9
Data 12
Review 13
2. Modern Python 15
Preview 15
Tools 15
Getting Started 16
Python Itself 17
Package Management 17
Virtual Environments 17
Poetry 18
Source Formatting 19
Testing 19
Source Control and Continuous Integration 19
Web Tools 19
APIs and Services 20
Variables Are Names 20
Type Hints 21
Data Structures 21
Web Frameworks 21
Django 22
Flask 22
FastAPI 22
Review 23
Part II. A FastAPI Tour
3. FastAPI Tour 27
Preview 27
What Is FastAPI? 27
A FastAPI Application 28
HTTP Requests 32
URL Path 33
Query Parameters 34
Body 36
HTTP Header 37
Multiple Request Data 38
Which Method Is Best? 39
HTTP Responses 39
Status Code 39
Headers 40
Response Types 40
Type Conversion 41
Model Types and response_model 42
Automated Documentation 43
Complex Data 47
Review 47
4. Async, Concurrency, and Starlette Tour 49
Preview 49
Starlette 49
Types of Concurrency 50
Distributed and Parallel Computing 50
Operating System Processes 50
Operating System Threads 51
Green Threads 51
Callbacks 51
Python Generators 52
Python async, await, and asyncio 53
FastAPI and Async 55
Using Starlette Directly 57
Interlude: Cleaning the Clue House 57
Review 59
5. Pydantic, Type Hints, and Models Tour 61
Preview 61
Type Hinting 61
Data Grouping 64
Alternatives 68
A Simple Example 69
Validate Types 72
Validate Values 73
Review 75
6. Dependencies 77
Preview 77
What’s a Dependency? 77
Problems with Dependencies 78
Dependency Injection 78
FastAPI Dependencies 78
Writing a Dependency 79
Dependency Scope 80
Single Path 80
Multiple Paths 81
Global 81
Review 82
7. Framework Comparisons 83
Preview 83
Flask 83
Path 84
Query Parameter 85
Body 85
Header 86
Django 86
Other Web Framework Features 87
Databases 88
Recommendations 88
Other Python Web Frameworks 88
Review 89
Part III. Making a Website
8. Web Layer 93
Preview 93
Interlude: Top-Down, Bottom-Up, Middle-Out? 94
RESTful API Design 95
File and Directory Site Layout 97
The First Website Code 98
Requests 100
Multiple Routers 102
Build the Web Layer 103
Define Data Models 103
Stub and Fake Data 104
Create Common Functions Through the Stack 104
Create Fake Data 104
Test! 109
Using the FastAPI Automated Test Forms 110
Talking to the Service and Data Layers 112
Pagination and Sorting 113
Review 114
9. Service Layer 115
Preview 115
Defining a Service 115
Layout 116
Protection 116
Functions 116
Test! 118
Other Service-Level Stuff 120
Logging 120
Metrics, Monitoring, Observability 120
Tracing 120
Other 121
Review 121
10. Data Layer 123
Preview 123
DB-API 123
SQLite 125
Layout 127
Making It Work 127
Test! 131
Full Tests 131
Unit Tests 140
Review 142
11. Authentication and Authorization 143
Preview 143
Interlude 1: Do You Need Authentication? 144
Authentication Methods 145
Global Authentication: Shared Secret 145
Simple Individual Authentication 148
Fancier Individual Authentication 149
OAuth2 150
User Model 151
User Data Layer 151
User Fake Data Layer 153
User Service Layer 154
User Web Layer 156
Test! 158
Top Layer 158
Authentication Steps 158
JWT 159
Third-Party Authentication: OIDC 159
Authorization 160
Middleware 161
CORS 162
Third-Party Packages 163
Review 163
12. Testing 165
Preview 165
Web API Testing 165
Where to Test 166
What to Test 166
Pytest 167
Layout 168
Automated Unit Tests 168
Mocking 168
Test Doubles and Fakes 171
Web 173
Service 175
Data 177
Automated Integration Tests 178
The Repository Pattern 179
Automated Full Tests 180
Security Testing 182
Load Testing 182
Review 183
13. Production 185
Preview 185
Deployment 185
Multiple Workers 186
HTTPS 187
Docker 187
Cloud Services 188
Kubernetes 188
Performance 188
Async 188
Caches 189
Databases, Files, and Memory 189
Queues 189
Python Itself 190
Troubleshooting 190
Kinds of Problems 190
Logging 191
Metrics 191
Review 191
Part IV. A Gallery
14. Databases, Data Science, and a Little AI 195
Preview 195
Data Storage Alternatives 195
Relational Databases and SQL 196
SQLAlchemy 197
SQLModel 198
SQLite 199
PostgreSQL 199
EdgeDB 199
Nonrelational (NoSQL) Databases 200
Redis 200
MongoDB 200
Cassandra 200
Elasticsearch 201
NoSQL Features in SQL Databases 201
Database Load Testing 201
Data Science and AI 203
Review 205
15. Files 207
Preview 207
Multipart Support 207
Uploading Files 207
File() 208
UploadFile 209
Downloading Files 210
FileResponse 210
StreamingResponse 211
Serving Static Files 211
Review 213
16. Forms and Templates 215
Preview 215
Forms 215
Templates 217
Review 220
17. Data Discovery and Visualization 221
Preview 221
Python and Data 221
PSV Text Output 222
csv 222
python-tabulate 223
pandas 224
SQLite Data Source and Web Output 225
Chart/Graph Packages 225
Chart Example 1: Test 226
Chart Example 2: Histogram 228
Map Packages 229
Map Example 230
Review 232
18. Games 233
Preview 233
Python Game Packages 233
Splitting Game Logic 234
Game Design 234
Web Part One: Game Initialization 235
Web Part Two: Game Steps 236
Service Part One: Initialization 238
Service Part Two: Scoring 238
Test! 239
Data: Initialization 240
Let’s Play Cryptonamicon 240
Review 242
A. Further Reading 243
B. Creatures and Humans 247
Index 253