Ubuntu Pocket Guide and Reference Год издания: 2009 Автор: Keir Thomas Издательство: MacFreda ISBN: 978‐1440478291 Язык: Английский Формат: PDF Качество: Издательский макет или текст (eBook) Интерактивное оглавление: Да Количество страниц: 170 Описание: Keir Thomas is the one of the world’s most prolific authors writing about Ubuntu Linux. Ubuntu Pocket Guide and Reference is his third Ubuntu book, and his award-winning comprehensive guide to Ubuntu—Beginning Ubuntu Linux (ISBN 978-1590599914)—recently reached a third edition. Thomas is also the author of Ubuntu Kung Fu (ISBN 978-1934356227), a unique book containing over 300 tips, tricks, hints, and hacks for Ubuntu. It regularly tops the Amazon.com best-seller list in the Linux category. He has written books on the subjects of SUSE and Fedora Linux, and edited books on subjects ranging from enterprise e-commerce to Ruby programming. In a previous life he edited several top-selling computer magazines, including PC Utilities and Linux User & Developer, and has written for many more. He lives in the United Kingdom and his pastimes include hiking, cycling, and gardening.
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About the author ...............................................................ix A brief introduction............................................................xi What is Ubuntu? ........................................................................... xi GNU.......................................................................................... xi The Linux kernel........................................................................xii Linux distros.............................................................................xiii What makes Ubuntu special .........................................................xiii Focus on desktop users ............................................................xiv Philosophy and community ......................................................xiv Ease of use................................................................................xv What Ubuntu offers ....................................................................xvii How to read this book .................................................................xvii Typing commands.................................................................. xviii Menu options ......................................................................... xviii What to click .......................................................................... xviii Ubuntu versions ..................................................................... xviii CHAPTER ONE: Installing Ubuntu ........................................1 Types of installation....................................................................... 1 #1: Dual‐booting........................................................................ 1 #2: Installing within Windows .................................................... 2 #3: Virtual computer .................................................................. 2 Preparing your PC for Ubuntu ........................................................ 2 Ensuring enough disk space is free.............................................. 2 Defragmenting the hard disk...................................................... 3 Checking the Windows filesystem for errors ............................... 3 Getting Ubuntu.............................................................................. 4 Choosing a version ..................................................................... 4 Choosing a release ..................................................................... 6 Downloading Ubuntu ................................................................. 7 Creating an install CD..................................................................... 8 Step‐by‐step: Installing Ubuntu ..................................................... 9 Standard (repartitioning)............................................................ 9 Within Windows (Wubi).............................................................13 Virtual computer .......................................................................15 Problematic installations (alternate install)............................... 16 Getting Ubuntu onto an Apple Mac ...........................................17
CHAPTER TWO: Configuring Ubuntu ................................. 19 Getting started ............................................................................ 19 Keyboard and mouse/trackpad .................................................... 20 Switching keyboard languages ................................................. 20 Mouse...................................................................................... 20 Graphics ...................................................................................... 21 Changing screen resolution ...................................................... 21 Installing proprietary drivers..................................................... 21 Activating desktop visual effects .............................................. 22 Configuring a second monitor .................................................. 23 Changing screen backlighting................................................... 24 Screensaver ............................................................................. 24 Sound.......................................................................................... 24 Getting online.............................................................................. 25 Wireless ................................................................................... 25 Wired (Ethernet) ...................................................................... 26 Printers........................................................................................ 27 Printing a test page .................................................................. 27 Setting default print options..................................................... 27 Managing print jobs ................................................................. 28 Installing a network printer....................................................... 28 Removable storage ...................................................................... 29 Scanners...................................................................................... 30 Bluetooth..................................................................................... 30 Pairing (Ubuntu 8.10) ................................................................31 Pairing (Ubuntu 8.04) ................................................................31 Transferring files .......................................................................31 CHAPTER THREE: Getting to grips with the desktop............33 Logging in.....................................................................................33 Wubi (Windows install)............................................................. 34 Dual‐boot................................................................................. 34 The layout of the desktop .............................................................35 Panels .......................................................................................35 Main menus ..............................................................................35 Icons and applets...................................................................... 36 Virtual desktops............................................................................37 Personalizing ............................................................................... 38 Themes.................................................................................... 38 Fonts........................................................................................ 38 Login screen............................................................................. 39 Configuring menus................................................................... 39 Customizing desktop icons....................................................... 40 Useful applications....................................................................... 40 Cutting, copying, and pasting....................................................... 40 Desktop search ............................................................................ 41 Deskbar ....................................................................................... 41 Keyboard shortcuts...................................................................... 44 Adding new users......................................................................... 44 Making programs start automatically........................................... 46 Dealing with crashed programs .................................................... 47 Changing the time & date ............................................................ 47 Rebooting and shutting down ...................................................... 48 CHAPTER FOUR: Users and the filesystem..........................49 How Ubuntu handles files............................................................. 49 Paths ....................................................................................... 49 Mounting ................................................................................. 50 File & folder names .................................................................. 50 Important filesystem locations ..................................................51 Hidden files and folders ............................................................ 52 File extensions ..........................................................................53 Understanding users .................................................................... 54 Root user ................................................................................. 54 File permissions........................................................................ 54 Nautilus: An overview .................................................................. 56 Day‐to‐day file management ....................................................... 61 Links and launchers.................................................................. 61 Bookmarks............................................................................... 62 Tabbed browsing ..................................................................... 62 Searching for files..................................................................... 64 Special browsing locations ....................................................... 64 File Associations....................................................................... 64 File compression .......................................................................... 65 CHAPTER FIVE: Hands‐on at the command‐line ..................67 All about the shell ........................................................................ 67 bashed about ........................................................................... 67 To DOS or not to DOS.............................................................. 68 Understanding the prompt........................................................... 68 Starting a command‐line session.............................................. 68 Knowing who you are............................................................... 69 Knowing where you’re browsing............................................... 69 How commands work .................................................................. 70 Arguments ............................................................................... 70 Command options.....................................................................71 Complex filenames ...................................................................... 72 Relative and absolute paths ......................................................... 72 Running programs ....................................................................... 74 Useful everyday commands ..........................................................75 Working with root powers.............................................................77 Using sudo ................................................................................77 Temporarily switching to root ...................................................77 Enabling root login....................................................................77 File permissions in depth.............................................................. 78 The basics ................................................................................ 78 Execute permission .................................................................. 79 Folder permissions ................................................................... 79 What permissions look like....................................................... 81 Changing ownerships and permissions ..................................... 83 bash productivity tricks ................................................................ 87 Keyboard shortcuts .................................................................. 87 Command history..................................................................... 88 Job management ..................................................................... 89 Managing processes..................................................................... 90 Working with compressed files..................................................... 91 Zip files .................................................................................... 91 tar archives .............................................................................. 92 Advanced bash techniques........................................................... 94 Redirection .............................................................................. 94 Piping ...................................................................................... 95 Brace expansion....................................................................... 95 Wildcards ................................................................................. 96 CHAPTER SIX: Software management............................... 97 All about package management................................................... 97 What’s in a package? ................................................................ 97 APT and dpkg........................................................................... 98 Software repositories ............................................................... 98 Dependency management ....................................................... 99 Synaptic: An overview.................................................................101 Typical tasks ...............................................................................103 Installing software...................................................................103 Uninstalling software ..............................................................105 Reinstalling software...............................................................105 Manually installing a package................................................. 106 Command‐line software management ....................................... 108 Installing software.................................................................. 108 Uninstalling software ..............................................................110 Reinstalling software...............................................................110 Manually installing/uninstalling packages ................................110 Working with repositories ...........................................................112 Adding a repository.................................................................112 Adding a new repository key ................................................... 113 Compiling from source code........................................................ 113 CHAPTER SEVEN: Securing the system............................ 115 System updates ..........................................................................115 Update Manager .....................................................................115 Updating at the command‐line................................................116 Configuring the firewall............................................................... 117 Installing and configuring Firestarter ....................................... 117 Creating inbound rules ............................................................118 Creating outbound rules......................................................... 120 Turning off diagnostic tool responses ......................................121 Installing antivirus.......................................................................121 Installing ClamTK................................................................... 122 Scanning for viruses ............................................................... 122 Encrypting files and folders .........................................................123 Creating an encrypted /private folder................................... 124 Encrypting individual files and folders......................................125 Enhancing web browser security .................................................127 Enabling a master password................................................... 128 Avoiding “executable content” attacks ................................... 129 APPENDIX A: Glossary of terms ....................................... 131 APPENDIX B: Learning more and getting help................... 141 Books and magazines .................................................................141 Online help ................................................................................ 142 Forums................................................................................... 142 Mailing lists .............................................................................143 Built‐in documentation ...............................................................143 Understanding man pages.......................................................143 READMEs and other documentation ...................................... 146 Index ............................................................................. 147
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