Dent C. / Дент К. - Mastering Windows PowerShell Scripting, 3rd edition / Овладеваем написанием скриптов на Windows PowerShell, 3-е издание [2019, PDF, ENG]

Оглавление

Preface 1
Section 1: Section 1: Exploring PowerShell Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Introduction to PowerShell 8
Technical requirements 9
What is PowerShell? 9
PowerShell editors 10
Getting help 10
Updatable help 11
The Get-Help command 12
Syntax 13
Examples 14
Parameter 14
Detailed and full switches 15
Save-Help 16
Update-Help 16
About help files 18
Command naming and discovery 19
Verbs 19
Nouns 19
Finding commands 20
Aliases 21
Parameters and parameter sets 22
Parameters 22
Optional parameters 22
Optional positional parameters 23
Mandatory parameters 23
Mandatory positional parameters 23
Switch parameters 24
Common parameters 24
Parameter values 25
Parameter sets 26
Confirm, WhatIf, and Force 27
Confirm parameter 27
ConfirmPreference 28
WhatIf parameter 30
WhatIfPreference 30
Force parameter 31
Introduction to providers 31
Drives using providers 32Table of Contents
[ ii ]
Using providers 34
Introduction to splatting 35
Splatting to avoid escaped end-of-line 36
Splatting to avoid repetition 38
Splatting and positional parameters 39
Summary 39
Chapter 2: Modules and Snap-ins 40
Introducing modules 40
What is the PowerShell Gallery? 42
The Get-Module command 43
PSModulePath in Windows PowerShell 43
PSModulePath in PowerShell Core 44
Get-Module, PSCompatibility, and PSEdition 45
The Import-Module command 45
The Remove-Module command 47
The Find-Module command 47
The Install-Module command 48
The Update-Module command 49
The Save-Module command 49
PowerShell Core and the WindowsCompatibility module 49
The compatibility session 50
Add-WindowsPSModulePath 51
Get-WinModule and Import-WinModule 52
Copy-WinModule 52
Invoke-WinCommand 53
Introducing snap-ins 53
Using snap-ins 54
Summary 54
Chapter 3: Working with Objects in PowerShell 55
Pipelines 56
Standard output 56
Non-standard output 56
The object pipeline 57
Members 57
The Get-Member command 58
Accessing properties 59
Using methods 60
Access modifiers 61
The Add-Member command 63
Enumerating and filtering 65
The ForEach-Object command 65
Where-Object command 66
Selecting and sorting 67
The Select-Object command 67Table of Contents
[ iii ]
The Sort-Object command 70
Grouping and measuring 73
The Group-Object command 73
The Measure-Object command 76
Comparing 77
Importing, exporting, and converting 79
The Export-Csv command 79
The Import-Csv command 81
Export-Clixml and Import-Clixml 83
Summary 84
Chapter 4: Operators 85
Arithmetic operators 86
Operator precedence 86
Addition and subtraction operators 87
Addition operators 87
Subtraction operator 88
Multiplication, division, and remainder operators 88
Multiplication operator 89
Division operator 89
Remainder operator 90
Shift left and shift right operators 90
Assignment operators 93
Assign, add and assign, and subtract and assign 93
Multiply and assign, divide and assign, and modulus and assign 95
Comparison operators 96
Case-sensitivity 96
Comparison operators and arrays 97
Equal to and not equal to 98
Like and not like 99
Greater than and less than 99
Contains and in 100
Regular expression-based operators 101
Match and not match 101
Replace 102
Split 103
Binary operators 104
Binary and 104
Binary or 105
Binary exclusive or 105
Binary not 106
Logical operators 106
And 106
Or 107
Exclusive or 107
Not 107Table of Contents
[ iv ]
Type operators 108
As 108
is and isnot 109
Redirection operators 109
Redirection to a file 110
Redirecting streams to standard output 112
Redirection to null 113
Other operators 114
Call 114
Comma 114
Format 115
Increment and decrement 116
Join 117
Summary 117
Section 2: Section 2: Working with Data
Chapter 5: Variables, Arrays, and Hashtables 119
Naming and creating variables 120
Variable commands 121
Clear 122
Get 122
New 122
Remove 123
Set 123
Variable provider 124
Variable scope 125
Local and global scope 126
Private scope 127
Script scope 128
Type and type conversion 129
Objects assigned to variables 131
Arrays 132
Creating an array 133
Arrays with a type 133
Adding elements to an array 134
Selecting elements from an array 135
Changing element values in an array 136
Removing elements from an array 136
Removing elements by index 137
Removing elements by value 138
Clearing an array 138
Filling variables from arrays 138
Multi-dimensional and jagged arrays 139
Hashtables 140Table of Contents
[ v ]
Creating a hashtable 141
Adding and changing elements to a hashtable 141
Selecting elements from a hashtable 143
Enumerating a hashtable 144
Removing elements from a hashtable 144
Lists, dictionaries, queues, and stacks 145
Lists 146
Creating a list 146
Adding elements to the list 146
Selecting elements from the list 147
Removing elements from the list 148
Changing element values in a list 148
Dictionaries 148
Creating a dictionary 149
Adding and changing elements in a dictionary 149
Selecting elements from a dictionary 150
Enumerating a dictionary 150
Removing elements from a dictionary 151
Queues 151
Creating a queue 151
Enumerating the queue 152
Adding elements to the queue 152
Removing elements from the queue 152
Stacks 153
Creating a stack 153
Enumerating the stack 153
Adding elements to the stack 154
Removing elements from the stack 154
Summary 155
Chapter 6: Branching and Looping 156
Conditional statements 156
if, else, and elseif 157
Assignment within if statements 158
switch 159
wildcard and regex 160
Expressions 161
Loops 161
foreach 161
for 162
do until and do while 162
while 163
break and continue 163
Branching and assignment 165
Summary 166
Chapter 7: Working with .NET 167
Assemblies 168Table of Contents
[ vi ]
Namespaces 169
Types 169
Classes 170
Constructors 170
Calling constructors 171
Calling constructors with lists of arguments 172
Arguments as an array 173
Creating objects from hashtables 176
Properties and methods 176
Static properties 178
Static methods 180
Non-public classes 182
Type accelerators 183
The using keyword 184
Using assemblies 184
Using namespaces 185
Summary 187
Chapter 8: Strings, Numbers, and Dates 188
Manipulating strings 188
Indexing into strings 188
String methods and arrays 189
Substring 190
Split 190
Replace 192
Trim, TrimStart, and TrimEnd 192
Insert and remove 193
IndexOf and LastIndexOf 194
PadLeft and PadRight 195
ToUpper, ToLower, and ToTitleCase 196
Contains, StartsWith, and EndsWith 196
Chaining methods 197
Converting strings 197
Working with Base64 197
Working with comma-separated value strings 199
Convert-String 200
ConvertFrom-String 201
Manipulating numbers 202
Large byte values 202
Power of 10 203
Hexadecimal 203
Using System.Math 203
Converting strings into numeric values 204
Manipulating dates and times 205
DateTime parameters 205Table of Contents
[ vii ]
Parsing dates 206
Changing dates 207
Comparing dates 209
Summary 210
Chapter 9: Regular Expressions 211
Regex basics 212
Debugging regular expressions 212
Literal characters 213
Any character (.) 214
Repetition with * and + 215
The escape character (\) 215
Optional characters 216
Non-printable characters 217
Anchors 217
Repetition 218
Exploring the quantifiers 219
Character classes 220
Ranges 220
Negated character class 222
Character class subtraction 222
Shorthand character classes 223
Alternation 223
Grouping 224
Repeating groups 224
Restricting alternation 225
Capturing values 226
Named capture groups 227
Non-capturing groups 228
Examples of regular expressions 229
MAC addresses 229
IP addresses 231
The netstat command 231
Formatting certificates 233
Summary 234
Chapter 10: Files, Folders, and the Registry 235
Working with providers 235
Navigating 236
Getting items 236
Drives 237
Items 238
Testing for existing items 238
Creating and deleting items 239
Invoking items 240Table of Contents
[ viii ]
Item properties 241
Filesystem properties 241
Adding and removing file attributes 241
Registry values 244
Windows permissions 245
Ownership 245
Access and audit 246
Rule protection 247
Inheritance and propagation flags 249
Removing access control entries 250
Copying lists and entries 251
Adding access control entries 252
Filesystem rights 252
Registry rights 254
Numeric values in the access control list 255
Transactions 256
File catalogs 257
New-FileCatalog 257
Test-FileCatalog 258
Summary 259
Chapter 11: Windows Management Instrumentation 260
Working with WMI 260
WMI classes 261
WMI commands 261
The WMI Query Language 262
Understanding SELECT, WHERE, and FROM 262
Escape sequences and wildcard characters 263
Logic operators 264
Comparison operators 264
Quoting values 264
Associated classes 265
WMI object paths 266
Using ASSOCIATORS OF 267
CIM cmdlets 268
Getting instances 269
Getting classes 269
Calling methods 270
Creating instances 273
Working with CIM sessions 274
Associated classes 275
The WMI cmdlets 276
Getting instances 277
Working with dates 277
Getting classes 277
Calling methods 278Table of Contents
[ ix ]
Creating instances 280
Associated classes 280
Permissions 281
Sharing permissions 281
Creating a shared directory 281
Getting a security descriptor 282
Adding an access control entry 284
Setting the security descriptor 285
WMI permissions 285
Getting a security descriptor 285
The access mask 285
WMI and SDDL 286
Summary 288
Chapter 12: HTML, XML, and JSON 289
HTML 289
ConvertTo-Html 289
Multiple tables 290
Adding style 290
HTML and special characters 291
XML 292
Elements and attributes 292
Namespaces 293
Schemas 293
System.Xml 294
ConvertTo-Xml 294
XML type accelerator 295
XPath and Select-Xml 295
Working with namespaces 297
Creating documents 299
Modifying element and attribute values 300
Adding elements 301
Copying nodes between documents 301
Removing elements and attributes 302
Schema validation 303
System.Xml.Linq 304
Opening documents 304
Selecting nodes 305
Creating documents 306
Working with namespaces 307
Modifying element and attribute values 308
Adding nodes 309
Removing nodes 309
Schema validation 310
JSON 311
ConvertTo-Json 311Table of Contents
[ x ]
ConvertFrom-Json 312
Summary 314
Chapter 13: Web Requests and Web Services 315
Technical requirements 315
Web requests 315
HTTP methods 316
HTTPS 317
Bypassing SSL errors in Windows PowerShell 318
Capturing SSL errors 319
Working with REST 321
Invoke-RestMethod 321
Simple requests 322
Requests with arguments 323
Working with paging 325
Working with authentication 327
Using basic authentication 327
OAuth 328
Creating an application 329
Getting an authorization code 329
Requesting an access token 331
Using a token 331
Working with SOAP 332
Finding a SOAP service 332
New-WebServiceProxy 333
Methods 334
Methods and enumerations 335
Methods and SOAP objects 336
Overlapping services 337
Summary 339
Section 3: Section 3: Automating with PowerShell
Chapter 14: Remoting and Remote Management 341
Technical requirements 341
WS-Management 342
Enabling remoting 342
Get-WSManInstance 343
The WSMan drive 343
Remoting and SSL 343
Set-WSManQuickConfig 344
Remoting and permissions 346
Remoting permissions GUI 346
Remoting permissions by script 347
User Account Control 350
Trusted hosts 351
PSSessions 351Table of Contents
[ xi ]
New-PSSession 352
Get-PSSession 352
Invoke-Command 353
Local functions and remote sessions 354
Using splatting with ArgumentList 354
The AsJob parameter 355
Disconnected sessions 355
The using variable scope 356
The Enter-PSSession command 357
Import-PSSession 357
Export-PSSession 358
Copying items between sessions 358
Remoting on Linux 359
Remoting over SSH 360
Connecting from Windows to Linux 360
Connecting from Linux to Windows 361
The double-hop problem 364
CredSSP 364
Passing credentials 365
CIM sessions 365
New-CimSession 366
Get-CimSession 367
Using CIM sessions 367
Summary 368
Chapter 15: Asynchronous Processing 369
Working with jobs 369
The Start-Job, Get-Job, and Remove-Job commands 370
The Receive-Job command 371
The Wait-Job command 372
Reacting to events 373
The Register-ObjectEvent and *-Event commands 374
The Get-EventSubscriber and Unregister-Event commands 376
The Action, Event, EventArgs, and MessageData parameters 376
Using Runspaces and Runspace pools 378
Creating a PowerShell instance 379
The Invoke and BeginInvoke methods 380
The EndInvoke method and the PSDataCollection object 382
Running multiple instances 384
Using the RunspacePool object 385
About the InitialSessionState object 386
Adding modules and snap-ins 387
Adding variables 388
Adding functions 389
Using the InitialSessionState and RunspacePool objects 390
Using Runspace-synchronized objects 390Table of Contents
[ xii ]
Summary 392
Section 4: Section 4: Extending PowerShell
Chapter 16: Scripts, Functions, and Filters 394
Introducing scripts, functions, and filters 394
Scripts and Requires 395
Scripts and using statements 395
Nesting functions 396
Comment-based help 396
Parameter help 398
Examples 400
Working with long lines 400
Line break after pipe 401
Line break after an operator 401
Using the array operator to break up lines 401
Begin, process, and end 403
Begin 404
Process 404
End 405
Named blocks and return 406
Leaky functions 407
The Out-Null command 408
Assigning to null 409
Redirecting to null 409
Casting to Void 409
Param, parameters, and CmdletBinding 410
Parameter types 410
Nullable types 411
Default values 411
Cross-referencing parameters 412
The CmdletBinding attribute 413
Common parameters 413
CmdletBinding properties 414
ShouldProcess and ShouldContinue 415
ShouldProcess 415
ShouldContinue 417
Summary 420
Chapter 17: Parameters, Validation, and Dynamic Parameters 421
The Parameter attribute 421
Position and positional binding 423
The DontShow property 425
The ValueFromRemainingArguments property 426
The HelpMessage property 427
Validating input 428
The PSTypeName attribute 428Table of Contents
[ xiii ]
Validation attributes 430
The ValidateNotNull attribute 431
The ValidateNotNullOrEmpty attribute 432
The ValidateCount attribute 432
The ValidateDrive attribute 433
The ValidateLength attribute 433
The ValidatePattern attribute 433
The ValidateRange attribute 435
The ValidateScript attribute 436
The ValidateSet attribute 437
The Allow attributes 437
The AllowNull attribute 437
The AllowEmptyString attribute 438
The AllowEmptyCollection attribute 438
PSReference parameters 439
Pipeline input 440
About ValueFromPipeline 440
Accepting null input 441
Input object types 442
Using ValueFromPipeline for multiple parameters 443
Using PSTypeName 444
About ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName 445
ValueFromPipelineByPropertyName and parameter aliases 446
Defining parameter sets 447
Argument-completers 451
The argument-completer attribute 452
Using Register-ArgumentCompleter 452
Listing registered argument-completers 453
Dynamic parameters 454
Creating a RuntimeDefinedParameter object 456
Using the RuntimeDefinedParameterDictionary 457
Using dynamic parameters 458
Conditional parameters 460
Summary 461
Chapter 18: Classes and Enumerations 462
Defining an enumeration 462
Enum and underlying types 463
Automatic value assignment 464
Enum or ValidateSet 465
The flags attribute 465
Using enumerations to convert values 467
Creating a class 467
Properties 468
Constructors 469
Methods 470
Inheritance 471Table of Contents
[ xiv ]
Constructor inheritance 471
Chaining constructors 472
The Hidden modifier 473
The Static modifier 474
Argument-transformation attribute classes 475
Validation attribute classes 477
ValidateArgumentsAttribute 477
ValidateEnumeratedArgumentsAttribute 478
Classes and DSC 480
Implementing Get 482
Implementing Set 483
Implementing Test 484
Using the resource 485
Summary 488
Chapter 19: Building Modules 489
Technical requirements 489
Module layout 490
The root module 490
The Export-ModuleMember command 491
Module manifest 492
Export-ModuleMember or FunctionsToExport 494
Side-by-side versioning 494
Dependencies 495
Multi-file module layout 495
Dot-sourcing module content 496
Merging module content 498
Module scope 499
Accessing module scope 501
Initializing and removing modules 502
The ScriptsToProcess key 502
The OnRemove event 502
Summary 503
Chapter 20: Testing 504
Technical requirement 504
Static analysis 505
AST 505
Tokenizer 506
PSScriptAnalyzer 508
Suppressing rules 509
Custom script analyzer rules 510
Creating a custom rule 510
AST-based rules 511
Token-based rules 512
Using custom rules 512Table of Contents
[ xv ]
Testing with Pester 513
Why write tests? 514
What to test 514
Describe and It 515
Test cases 517
Independent verification 518
Assertions 519
Testing for errors 519
Context 522
Before and after 522
TestDrive 526
Mock 526
Assert-MockCalled 527
Parameter filtering 528
Mocking non-local commands 529
Mocking objects 531
Fabricating objects 531
Mocking existing members 533
Using New-MockObject 535
Mocking CIM objects 537
Pester in practice 538
Summary 543
Chapter 21: Error Handling 544
Error types 544
Terminating errors 545
Non-terminating errors 545
Error actions 546
Raising errors 547
Error records 547
Write-Error 549
throw and ThrowTerminatingError 550
Error and ErrorVariable 551
Catching errors 553
try, catch, and finally 553
try 553
catch 553
finally 555
Re-throwing errors 556
Inconsistent error behavior 559
throw and ErrorAction 561
Nesting try-catch-finally 563
Terminating or non-terminating 565
trap 566
Using trap 566
trap, scope, and continue 567
Summary 568Table of Contents
[ xvi ]
Other Books You May Enjoy 569
Index 572

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