Tonello John / Тонелло Джон - Practical Linux DevOps / Практический Linux DevOps [2022, PDF/EPUB, ENG]

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About the Author ...........................................................................................xi
About the Technical Reviewer ..........................................................................xiii
Introduction ..................................................................................................xv
Chapter 1: Gather Your Hardware ....................................................................1
The Basics: What You’ll Need to Build Your Linux Lab ..........................................2
Using New Equipment for Your Lab ...................................................................3
CPU Core Considerations .................................................................................4
Memory Considerations ...................................................................................5
Storage Considerations ...................................................................................6
Using Old PCs and Laptops for Your Linux Lab ....................................................7
Raspberry Pis and IoT Devices .........................................................................8
Building Your Network ....................................................................................10
Managed vs. Unmanaged Switches ..................................................................11
Using Your ISP Router ....................................................................................13
Deploy Managed and Unmanaged Switches ......................................................14
Use Network Bridges and Bonds to Improve Connectivity ...................................17
Tips for Avoiding Common Hardware Headaches ...............................................18
Reserve IP Address Pools Now, Not Later ......................................................19
Test and Document Your Configurations ........................................................19
Conclusion ...................................................................................................21
Chapter 2: Setting Up a Virtual Environment .....................................................23
About the Proxmox Virtualization Environment (PVE) ..........................................24
Set Up Proxmox .............................................................................................25
Post-install Configurations ............................................................................30
Prepare a Single-NIC Network Setup: VLAN-Aware ............................................33
Prepare a Dual-NIC Network Setup: VLAN-Aware ...............................................34
Additional Storage Considerations ......................................................................37
Thinking Ahead to Clustering .........................................................................39
Deploy Your First VM .....................................................................................41
Server Replication with Cloning and Templates ..................................................46
Deploy an LXC Template Container .....................................................................47
Set Up KVM ..................................................................................................52
Check for Virtualization Support ....................................................................54
Install KVM and Related Utilities ....................................................................55
Set Up Bridged Networking on AlmaLinux, Fedora, and openSUSE ....................56
Set Up Bridged Networking on Debian and Ubuntu Desktops ............................58
Set Up a Linux Bridge Using NetworkManager .............................................59
Set Up a Bridge Network with Netplan (Ubuntu) .................................................66
Run virt-manager and Create Your First KVM VM ..........................................68
Command-Line Deployments ..............................................................................70
The Proxmox qm Command ..........................................................................70
The KVM virt-install Command ......................................................................71
Conclusion ..........................................................................................................71
Chapter 3: Set Up a DNS Server ....................................................................73
Why It Matters .....................................................................................................73
Planning Your Network ........................................................................................74
Work with the Gear You Have ..............................................................................75
Will You Have Multiple Networks (Dual-Homed)? ...............................................75
What Domain Name Will You Use? ......................................................................76
Reserving Pools of Addresses for Static and DHCP IP Addresses ..........................77
Configure Your Routers and Switches .................................................................79
Add Internet Access to Your Private Network Switch ..........................................79
To DHCP or Not to DHCP ................................................................................82
Deploy a VM to Host Your DNS Server .................................................................84
Using a Proxmox LXC Template ...........................................................................85
Install a Base Linux Template ........................................................................86
Enable a Second Network Interface ..............................................................87
Set Up Bind ................................................................................................88
Configure named.conf ...................................................................................89
Check Your DNS Configurations .....................................................................93
Create a Forward Zone File ...........................................................................94
Create a Reverse Zone File ............................................................................95
Set Up an Optional DNS Slave Server ............................................................99
Create a Second Host ....................................................................................99
Set Up the DNS Slave Zone Entries .............................................................101
Test Your DNS Slave ....................................................................................102
Graphical DNS Deployments and Management ................................................104
Conclusion ........................................................................................................106
Chapter 4: Setting Up an Email Server .............................................................107
Set Up a DNS Server to Handle Email ...............................................................108
Install Postfix and Dovecot ................................................................................112
Install Postfix ....................................................................................................114
Install Dovecot ..................................................................................................116
Mail Server Security Considerations .................................................................117
Initial Email Service Test ...................................................................................119
Install Sendmail ...........................................................................................119
Install mailutils ............................................................................................120
Test Sending and Receiving Mail .................................................................120
Set Up an Email Client to Use the Email Server ................................................121
Install Postfix and Dovecot in a Docker Container ............................................124
Conclusion ........................................................................................................137
Chapter 5: Building a LAMP Stack: Apache and PHP ................................................139
Why LAMP? .......................................................................................................140
Configure a Web Server VM and Install the Packages ......................................140
Update Your DNS Settings to Add Websites ......................................................141
Install the Core LAMP Packages .......................................................................143
Create Two Web Server Directories ...................................................................144
Define Two Different Websites in Apache ..........................................................145
Finalize Settings for the First Website ..............................................................148
Configure Apache to Serve Up the Website Properly ........................................149
Create and Enable the Second Website ............................................................150
Take a Snapshot to Preserve Your Configuration ..............................................153
Use PHP with Your Website ...............................................................................154
Test the PHP Installation ..............................................................................154
Install RainLoop Webmail ..................................................................................157
Set Up RainLoop ..........................................................................................157
Set RainLoop Permissions ...........................................................................158
Configure RainLoop via the Admin Panel .....................................................158
Deploy Apache, PHP, and RainLoop as Docker Containers ................................161
How the Containers Interact ........................................................................161
Prepare the Docker Host .............................................................................162
Create a Docker Context for RainLoop .........................................................162
Add Additional Docker Containers to the RainLoop Application ........................165
Start the Multicontainer RainLoop Docker Application .....................................168
Troubleshoot the Docker Deployment ..........................................................169
Conclusion ........................................................................................................170
Chapter 6: Installing MariaDB and Creating a Simple Web
Application .....................................................................................................171
Set Up and Log In to MariaDB ...........................................................................172
Basic SQL Commands .......................................................................................175
Create MariaDB Users and Set Permissions .....................................................177
Create a Test MariaDB Database .......................................................................179
Create and Populate a Database Table .............................................................181
Add Data to a Table ...........................................................................................184
Update Table Entries .........................................................................................186
Delete Table Entries ..........................................................................................188
Read MariaDB Data with PHP ...........................................................................189
Containerize It ...................................................................................................192
Create the PHP Container ..................................................................................192
Create MariaDB and Adminer ............................................................................193
Launch Your Containerized Stack ......................................................................197
Try Out Adminer ................................................................................................199
Conclusion ........................................................................................................200
Chapter 7: Web Server Alternatives .....................................................................203
Deploy WordPress .............................................................................................204
Create a WordPress System User ................................................................207
Finish the WordPress Installation ................................................................207
Install and Configure NGINX ..............................................................................209
Manually Install NGINX ................................................................................209
Configure NGINX ..........................................................................................210
Install NGINX Using a Proxmox Template ..........................................................213
When a Little HTTP Is All You Need ...................................................................216
Python 3 http.server ....................................................................................216
Use the PHP CLI Built-In Server ...................................................................217
Run php-cli in a Container ...........................................................................218
Conclusion ........................................................................................................220
Chapter 8: Containerizing and Automating Your Deployments ..........................221
Thinking in terms of Containers and Microservices .........................................223
Deploy an NGINX Container .........................................................................224
Automate Your NGINX Deployment ....................................................................226
Automate with Ansible .................................................................................227
Ansible Playbook Example ...........................................................................229
Apply the NGINX Playbook ...........................................................................233
Automate NGINX with Chef ...............................................................................234
Create a Chef Cookbook and Recipes .........................................................235
Create a Chef Recipe ...................................................................................237
Create Templates .........................................................................................241
Create a Chef InSpec Profile ........................................................................244
Apply and Test Your Chef Configuration .......................................................246
Test with Test Kitchen ..................................................................................249
Conclusion ...................................................................................................252
Chapter 9: Server Management and Maintenance ..............................................253
A Closer Look at Webmin ..................................................................................254
Deploy Webmin with Chef .................................................................................257
Verify Your Webmin Installation .........................................................................257
Set Up Webmin for Multiple-Server Management ............................................260
Add Other Webmin Servers .........................................................................260
Add Cluster Capabilities ..............................................................................262
Test Some Cluster Actions ...........................................................................264
A More DevOps Way to Analyze Systems ..........................................................265
Use Chef InSpec to Scan Systems ...............................................................265
Apply a Linux Benchmark Profile .................................................................266
Create an InSpec Waiver File .......................................................................267
Other Ways to Apply InSpec Profiles .................................................................272
Apply an InSpec Profile via the Chef Supermarket ......................................272
Create and Apply Your Own InSpec Profile ..................................................272
Some Useful Backup Tools ................................................................................274
Set Up Proxmox Replication ........................................................................274
Back Up MariaDB Data ................................................................................275
Use Git to Store Your Code ...........................................................................276
Conclusion ........................................................................................................277
Chapter 10: Extend Your DevOps Capabilities with Git ............................................279
Get Started with Git ...........................................................................................280
Create a GitHub Account ..............................................................................280
The Advantage of SSH for Pushing ..............................................................284
Create a New Git Repo ................................................................................284
Create Some Content ...................................................................................286
Share Your Code ..........................................................................................291
Create a GitLab Host .........................................................................................295
Generate an SSL Key ...................................................................................298
Use Your New GitLab Repo ..........................................................................302
Other GitLab Capabilities ..................................................................................303
A Bit on CI/CD ..............................................................................................303
Create a GitLab Runner ...............................................................................304
Register Your Runner with Your GitLab Instance .........................................305
Create a Pipeline .........................................................................................306
Conclusion ........................................................................................................310
Chapter 11: Automate System Deployments with Terraform .....................................311
Install Terraform ................................................................................................312
A Terraform Example with Docker ....................................................................313
Use Git to Track Your Work ...........................................................................315
Terraform Your First Bit of Infrastructure ........................................................316
Use Terraform with Proxmox ........................................................................317
Configure Proxmox to Work with Terraform ....................................................317
Create a variables.tf File ..............................................................................319
Create Your LXC with Terraform ...................................................................325
Make Updates or Destroy It All ....................................................................326
Conclusion ................................................................................................327
Index .......................................................................................................329