Simon Mark / Саймон Марк - An Introduction to PHP / Введение в PHP [2024, PDF/EPUB, ENG]

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About the Author ..............................................................................xvii
About the Technical Reviewers .........................................................xix
Acknowledgments .............................................................................xxi
Introduction .....................................................................................xxiii
Chapter 1: Introduction and Setting Up ................................................1
How the Web Works ..............................................................................................2
The Sample Project ...............................................................................................4
The Tools ...............................................................................................................5
A Coding Editor ................................................................................................6
Web Server Setup .................................................................................................7
Using the Virtual Hosts Applications ..............................................................10
Adding the Domain Name ..............................................................................11
Editing the httpd.conf File .............................................................................13
Adding a Virtual Host .....................................................................................15
Fixing the php.ini File ....................................................................................18
Configuring PHP ..................................................................................................21
Setting PHP Options ......................................................................................23
Some Useful Configuration Options ...............................................................24
The Project Configuration Files .....................................................................27
Finishing Up ........................................................................................................29
Chapter 2: Working with PHP .................................................................................31
Before We Start ...................................................................................................32
Grouping: Brackets and Friends ....................................................................32
Data Types .....................................................................................................33
How PHP Processes Files ....................................................................................34
Renaming the Files ........................................................................................35
PHP Scripts ....................................................................................................36
Adding Dynamic Data to the Page .................................................................39
Displaying Data .............................................................................................42
Including Files .....................................................................................................44
Preparing and Implementing Include ............................................................46
Headings and Titles .............................................................................................48
Including Variables in the Include Files .........................................................49
Setting the Title and Heading ........................................................................51
The Navigation Block ..........................................................................................51
The Links Array ..............................................................................................53
Creating the List of Links ...............................................................................54
Displaying the Links ......................................................................................58
Highlighting the Current Page .......................................................................59
Comments ...........................................................................................................62
Summary ............................................................................................................64
Coming Up ...........................................................................................................65
Chapter 3: Email and Form Processing .....................................................................67
Preparation .........................................................................................................68
The Contact Form ................................................................................................68
The Plan of Attack ..........................................................................................72
Reading the Form Data .......................................................................................73
Outlining the Plan ..........................................................................................75
Reading the Form Data .......................................................................................76
Preparing the Data .........................................................................................77
Persisting Fields ............................................................................................78
Form Validation ...................................................................................................80
JavaScript and HTML5 Validation ..................................................................80
Planning for Validation ...................................................................................81
Required Fields ..............................................................................................82
Checking an Email Address ...........................................................................84
Email Injection ...............................................................................................85
Handling the Errors ........................................................................................89
Sending Email with the mail() Function ..............................................................92
The Main Email Variables ..............................................................................93
The Email Headers ........................................................................................95
After Sending the Message .................................................................................99
Alternative Parts ............................................................................................99
Writing the Conditional Blocks ....................................................................102
Reorganizing the Code ......................................................................................104
Configuration ...............................................................................................104
Moving the Code ..........................................................................................105
Summary ..........................................................................................................106
Coming Up .........................................................................................................108
Chapter 4: Uploading Data and Files .....................................................................109
The Upload Form ...............................................................................................109
The File Input ....................................................................................................112
Settings .......................................................................................................113
Preliminary Coding ............................................................................................114
The Data Variables .......................................................................................114
Processing POSTed Data and Preliminary Validation ...........................................116
Image Validation ................................................................................................118
The $_FILES Array .......................................................................................118
Using File Data ............................................................................................119
Checking an Image File ...............................................................................122
Keeping the File ................................................................................................125
The File Name ..............................................................................................126
Lower Case ..................................................................................................128
Replacing Spaces ........................................................................................128
Defining the Location ..................................................................................129
Moving the File ............................................................................................131
Creating Additional Copies ................................................................................132
Resized Image Configuration .......................................................................134
Generating the Resized Copies ....................................................................135
Tidying Up .........................................................................................................136
Clearing the Error Array ...............................................................................136
Clearing the Old Values ................................................................................137
Summary ..........................................................................................................137
Coming Up .........................................................................................................138
Chapter 5: Working with a Database ....................................................................139
Something About Databases .............................................................................141
Running SQL ................................................................................................144
MySQL and PHPMyAdmin ............................................................................144
Browsing .....................................................................................................146
The Setup Page ...........................................................................................146
Creating the Database and User .......................................................................148
Preparing the Images Table .........................................................................151
Using the Database with PHP ...........................................................................153
Connection ...................................................................................................154
Connection String ........................................................................................154
Creating a Connection .................................................................................155
A Crash Course in Classes and Objects .......................................................156
Handling Connection Errors .........................................................................158
exit or die .....................................................................................................159
Adding Options ............................................................................................160
Setting the PDO Options ..............................................................................162
Using the Alternative Script .........................................................................163
Summary ..........................................................................................................163
Coming Up .........................................................................................................164
Chapter 6: Adding Data to the Database ..............................................................165
Connecting to the Database ..............................................................................166
SQL Injection .....................................................................................................167
Prepared Statements ...................................................................................169
When to Worry About SQL Injection .............................................................171
Adding the Image Data to the Table ..................................................................172
Line Breaks ..................................................................................................174
Creating Line Break Functions ....................................................................175
The Prepared SQL Statement ......................................................................179
Executing with Data ....................................................................................181
Retrieving the New ID ..................................................................................182
Modifying the Name ..........................................................................................183
Constructing the New Name ........................................................................184
Zero-Padding a Number ..............................................................................184
Updating the Database ................................................................................185
Keeping the File and Creating the Resized Copies ............................................186
Refactoring the Code ........................................................................................187
The Function Outline ...................................................................................187
Scope ...........................................................................................................189
Writing the addImageData() Function ..........................................................190
Writing the addImageFile() Function ...........................................................193
Using the Code in the Future .......................................................................196
Summary ..........................................................................................................196
Coming Up .........................................................................................................197
Chapter 7: File Handling .....................................................................................199
Preparation .......................................................................................................200
The ZIP File ..................................................................................................201
The CSV File .................................................................................................202
Processing the Uploaded Zip File ......................................................................203
Checking the Zip File ...................................................................................204
Unzipping the File ........................................................................................206
Reading Text Files ........................................................................................211
Importing the Data .......................................................................................217
Checking the MIME Types ............................................................................219
Finishing Up ......................................................................................................223
A Crash Course in HTTP(S) ..........................................................................224
Headers Already Sent ..................................................................................226
Redirecting to the Next Page .......................................................................227
Starting Over .....................................................................................................230
Summary ..........................................................................................................234
Coming Up .........................................................................................................235
Chapter 8: The Image Gallery ...............................................................................237
Preparation .......................................................................................................238
Fetching the Thumbnails ...................................................................................240
Fetching from the Database ........................................................................240
Fetching a Gallery Page ...............................................................................242
Fetching the Rows .......................................................................................246
Generating the Gallery Images ....................................................................248
Selecting the Page ......................................................................................252
The Navigation Block ...................................................................................258
Remembering the Page ...............................................................................263
Displaying a Larger Image ................................................................................267
Fetching a Miscellaneous Single Image ......................................................267
Selecting a Random Row from the Database ..............................................272
Fetching a Selected Image ..........................................................................274
Displaying a Random Image on Other Pages ....................................................277
Summary ..........................................................................................................281
Coming Up .........................................................................................................283
Chapter 9: Managing Data ..................................................................................285
The Image Pages ..............................................................................................286
The Image List Page ..........................................................................................291
Preparatory Code for the Image List ............................................................292
Something About HTML Tables ....................................................................294
Generating the Table Data ...........................................................................298
The Image Editing Page ....................................................................................305
The Prepare Events .....................................................................................306
Fetching the Data to be Edited ....................................................................309
Implementing Update and Delete ......................................................................315
Deleting Data ...............................................................................................316
Updating the Image Data .............................................................................319
Checking a Checkbox ........................................................................................325
Adding the Checkbox ...................................................................................326
Testing the Checkbox ..................................................................................329
Finishing Touches .............................................................................................333
Clearing the $id when Adding an Image ......................................................333
Fixing the Hidden Field ................................................................................334
Restoring the Images ..................................................................................334
Summary ..........................................................................................................335
Coming Up .........................................................................................................337
Chapter 10: Sessions and Logging In .....................................................................339
Sessions ............................................................................................................340
Session Settings ..........................................................................................341
Starting a Session .......................................................................................343
Using Session Data ......................................................................................346
Managing Users ................................................................................................348
Encryption and Hashing ..............................................................................349
Password Hashing in PHP ...........................................................................351
The User Table .............................................................................................352
Adding a User ..............................................................................................353
Logging In .........................................................................................................359
Processing Login .........................................................................................360
Successful Login .........................................................................................364
Switching Between Content ........................................................................365
Showing the User’s Name ...........................................................................367
Logging Out .......................................................................................................370
Restricting Access ............................................................................................371
Summary ..........................................................................................................374
Coming Up .........................................................................................................375
Chapter 11: A Configuration System ......................................................................377
The ini File Contents .........................................................................................377
Reading an ini File ............................................................................................380
Generating the Configuration Form ...................................................................385
Generating the Config Table ..............................................................................387
Saving the Configuration ...................................................................................392
Reading the New Values ..............................................................................392
Writing the ini File .......................................................................................394
Using the Configuration Settings ......................................................................396
Resizing Images ................................................................................................399
Adding Configuration to Administration ............................................................404
Summary ..........................................................................................................405
Coming Up .........................................................................................................406
Chapter 12: A Content Management System ...........................................................407
The Blog Pages .................................................................................................408
The Blog Table ...................................................................................................410
Preparatory Blog Code ......................................................................................413
Adding a Single Blog Article ..............................................................................418
Uploading the Optional Image ...........................................................................426
Checking for an Optional Image ..................................................................428
Keeping the Optional Image ........................................................................430
Previewing the Image ..................................................................................437
Selecting an Existing Image ........................................................................439
Selecting an Image from a Menu ................................................................440
Processing the Selected Image ...................................................................445
Previewing the Selected Image ...................................................................448
Selecting an Image from a Radio Group ......................................................450
Choosing Between Buttons and the Menu ..................................................455
Redirecting to the Blog List Page ................................................................456
Importing Blog Articles ................................................................................457
Changes to the Insert Code .........................................................................457
Starting the Import Code .............................................................................459
Handling the Import File ..............................................................................459
Copying the Blog Import Files ......................................................................462
Importing the Blog Data ...............................................................................464
Calling a Function with an Array of Parameters ................................................470
Finishing the Import ....................................................................................472
Reading a Blog Article .......................................................................................473
Preliminary Code .........................................................................................474
Getting the Selected Article ID .....................................................................476
Fetching the Article .....................................................................................478
Fixing the Article Line Breaks ......................................................................481
Displaying the Blog Image ...........................................................................483
Managing the Blog Articles ...............................................................................487
Building the Article Table .............................................................................492
Processing the Prepare Events ....................................................................495
Updating an Article ......................................................................................504
Deleting an Article .......................................................................................507
The Visitor Blog List ..........................................................................................509
Preparatory Code .........................................................................................511
Generating the Blog Article List ...................................................................513
Summary ..........................................................................................................516
Appendix A: Adding Markdown to Your Blog Articles ......................521
Appendix B: Non-PHP Tricks .............................................................535
Appendix C: PHP Versions ................................................................549
Appendix D: Default Library Functions .............................................557
Index .................................................................................................613